Garbage truck compactors reduce the volume of waste by compressing it, allowing the truck to carry more trash before needing to unload. This helps waste hauling companies increase the number of daily pickups by maximizing the truck's load capacity.
The compactor features a compression chamber that runs along the truck, with a discharge opening at one end and a feed opening at the other. Inside the chamber, a hydraulic-driven ram moves back and forth, compacting the trash to a specific density and pressure. The discharge opening has a door that can be manually moved between open and closed positions. When closed, the door keeps the compacted trash in place.
The hydraulic compactor operates at a force of approximately 2,750 psi (pounds per square inch), using hydraulic pressure to compress the materials effectively.
Garbage trucks are designed with various components to handle different types of waste. The most common type, the rear loader garbage truck, is typically used in residential areas to collect curbside trash cans. These trucks usually have a hydraulic lift system that raises and lowers trash cans into a hopper at the rear of the vehicle. Garbage collectors control this operation via a set of buttons and levers mounted on the exterior of the truck
When the hopper is full, a hydraulic mechanism scoops the trash into the truck's compacting section. The garbage truck compactor then reduces the amount of space that the refuse occupies in the truck's body. The cycle continues until the truck's body is full.
The garbage hopper of a compactor garbage truck is constructed from 8mm, 5mm, and 4mm 16Mn steel plates, welded together for durability. The channel steel at the bottom of the hopper serves as both the installation base for the steel body structure and the support for the push plate. This design maximizes the effective space within the hopper and lowers the center of gravity, providing stability.
The bottom plate of the hopper is fully sealed, preventing corrosion from sewage. Any accumulated water flows into a sewage tank, preventing rust on the body and chassis, and preventing sewage from leaking onto the roadside, thus reducing secondary pollution during transit.
The garbage loader consists of a frame-shaped skeleton, guide rail, arc-shaped hopper, scraper, slide plate, negative pressure plate, and light cover. Through the coordinated action of the scraper cylinder, slide cylinder, and negative pressure plate, materials are circulated from the hopper into the truck's compartment.
The loader features eight rollers on each side of the skate, designed for low friction and high strength. These rollers can swing slightly, ensuring long-term durability and preventing wear on the guide rail.
The filler, which also serves as a sealing device at the rear of the compartment, operates via a lifting cylinder, sliding hinge, and locking mechanism. It is designed to keep the compartment sealed. The bottom of the filler includes a sewage tank that collects water from the hopper and compartment. This water can be discharged automatically or manually during unloading.
Depending on user requirements, the truck may be equipped with a barrel turning mechanism or a regular turning mechanism. This hydraulic double-action, double-cylinder system locks the barrel (either iron or plastic) during the turning process, ensuring safety, stability, and a robust structure.
Note: The mechanism is raised while the vehicle is in motion to facilitate normal driving.
The truck's hydraulic cylinders are controlled by a circuit that manages the air circuit, with air circuit valves controlling the cylinders. These valves activate the hydraulic multi-way valve, which then controls the hydraulic actions. The system is simple, reliable, and includes a manual operation mode via a direct hydraulic multi-way valve, offering two-way control for a single hydraulic system.
The hydraulic system is composed of an oil tank, filter system, oil pump, multi-way reversing valve, one-way throttle valve, oil cylinders, and oil pipes. The system is powered by the vehicle's engine, with power separated through a power take-off that drives the gear pump.
The gear pump draws hydraulic oil from the tank via an oil suction filter, with the multi-way valve supplying oil to the cylinders. When the multi-way valve is activated, various cylinders (such as the negative pressure plate, slide plate, scraper, lifting bucket, or push plate cylinders) operate. When not in use, hydraulic oil returns directly to the oil tank through the multi-way valve.
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